点评:林奇综合征相关子宫内膜癌的保留生育功能研究
Editorial

点评:林奇综合征相关子宫内膜癌的保留生育功能研究

Giorgio Bogani, Antonino Ditto, Francesco Raspagliesi

Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy

Correspondence to: Giorgio Bogani, MD, PhD. IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy. Email: giorgio.bogani@istitutotumori.mi.it; giorgiobogani@yahoo.it.

Comment on: Chen S, Zheng Y, Yang K, et al. Fertility-sparing treatment for Lynch syndrome complicated by atypical endometrial hyperplasia: multidisciplinary consultations. Gynecol Pelvic Med 2019;2:24.


Received: 16 April 2020; Accepted: 05 June 2020; Published: 25 September 2020.

doi: 10.21037/gpm-2020-02


在发达国家,子宫内膜癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。据估计,美国2020年的新发病例将超过65,000例[1,2]。在过去十年中,子宫内膜癌的病死率急剧上升,从2010年的7,950例增加到2020年的12,590例[1,2]。子宫内膜癌的总体预后良好,经过适当治疗的患者五年生存率为80%[3]。年龄和体重指数的增加以及长期雌激素暴露是罹患子宫内膜癌的高危因素[3]。有趣的是,子宫内膜癌可能是由于遗传易感性所致。总体而言,遗传因素占子宫内膜癌病例的2%-10%[4]。林奇综合征(Lynch syndrome)是一种常染色体显性遗传病,其特征是罹患癌症(尤其是结直肠癌和子宫内膜癌)的风险很高。林奇综合征是由4种DNA错配修复(MMR)基因(MLH1,MSH2,MSH6,PMS2)中的一种胚系突变所致[5]

越来越多的证据表明,保留生育功能可成为罹患子宫内膜癌或子宫内膜增生的年轻女性的选择[6]。孕激素的拮抗作用可逆转内膜病变。但是,在林奇综合征患者中,内膜癌症的发生机制与散发病例中观察到的不同。指南不建议林奇综合征患者常规保留生育功能[4,5]。虽然现有证据表明孕激素治疗对林奇综合征患者也是有效的,但是,必须要强调的是林奇综合征发生的分子机制与散发病例不同[6]。因此,孕激素治疗对携带MMR突变的患者的效果有限,必须告知患者疾病复发或不缓解的风险[5]。此外,林奇综合征患卵巢癌的风险也是增高的,所以,推荐同时行诊断性腹腔镜检查以排除合并卵巢癌[4]。患者完成生育后,强烈建议切除子宫[7]

目前没有证据表明林奇综合征患者必须常规检测孕激素受体,因为此类患者肿瘤一般分化良好。但是,建议联合检测雌激素和孕激素受体。

林奇综合征患者罹患高分化型子宫内膜样癌(通常表达雌激素和孕激素受体)的风险高,但也会发生其他类型的非子宫内膜样癌。我们的研究结果表明,在非子宫内膜样癌的子宫内膜癌患者中,合并林奇综合征的患者预后比散发病例好。但是,现有研究不支持分化较差的内膜癌患者保留生育功能,并且林奇综合征患者罹患卵巢恶性肿瘤的风险高。

林奇综合征患者必须考虑到多种恶性肿瘤并存的情况。随访和超声都有可能无法发现隐匿的恶性肿瘤,因此应行腹腔镜探查卵巢和腹腔,但不推荐常规行卵巢活检。此外,强烈建议进行遗传咨询,患者应了解林奇综合征的遗传风险。目前尚无数据支持对保守治疗的子宫内膜癌患者进行预防性手术。但是,由于遗传变异导致的致癌机制,林奇综合征患者极易发生新的子宫内膜病变。因此,应建议患者进行降低风险的预防性手术。需要进一步的研究来评估林奇综合征患者保留生育治疗的安全性和长期有效性。并且,在患者选择保留生育功能时,应进行充分的咨询,了解不接受根治性手术的风险。


Acknowledgments

Funding: None.


Footnote

Provenance and Peer review: This article was commissioned by the editorial office, Gynecology and Pelvic Medicine. The article did not undergo external peer review.

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://gpm.amegroups.org/article/view/10.21037/gpm-2020-02/coif). GB serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Gynecology and Pelvic Medicine from Sep 2018 to Aug 2020. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.


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译者介绍

郭涛。
本科毕业于南方医科大学,现四川大学华西临床医学院妇产科学研究生二年级。(更新时间:2021/12/31)

(本译文仅供学术交流,实际内容请以英文原文为准。)

doi: 10.21037/gpm-2020-02
Cite this article as: Bogani G, Ditto A, Raspagliesi F. Lynch syndrome, endometrial cancer, and fertility-sparing treatment. Gynecol Pelvic Med 2020;3:17.

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