机器人辅助的输尿管子宫内膜异位症切除及Leadbetter-Politano技术行输尿管膀胱吻合
前言
深层浸润型子宫内膜异位症(DIE)是一种复杂疾病,发病率为8%~9%[1]。
其后果可能很严重,可表现为慢性盆腔痛,不孕及器官功能障碍(肠、膀胱、肾衰竭等)。
通常采用多种方法治疗,包括激素治疗及疼痛管理[2]。
某些患者必须手术治疗,DIE的手术非常复杂且具有挑战性,微创手术是金标准治疗[3]。
研究证明,机器人辅助下的手术是安全且可重复的[4]。
DIE下的输尿管位置病变虽罕见(1%至5%),却有潜在严重疾病的可能,可能会导致隐匿性肾功能受损,从而导致肾功能完全衰竭[5]。
在大多数情况下,可通过输尿管松解术对DIE导致的输尿管狭窄进行传统外科手术治疗。但是,如果DIE是输尿管壁固有的,或狭窄部位太长或太紧,则必须行输尿管切除术。
在切除下段输尿管时,必须考虑输尿管膀胱吻合术[6]。
该视频展示了右侧DIE的完整切除,包括管壁有固有DIE的右侧下段输尿管切除。重建部分采用了机器人辅助下的Leadbetter-Politano术。
手术技巧
Leadbetter-Politano术的目的是在不进行全膀胱解剖的情况下构建“psoic样”膀胱。
第一步
- DIE损害的输尿管的解剖和切除。
- 经阴道去除已切除的组织。
- 内窥镜下缝合阴道缺损部分。
- 可考虑缝合输尿管残端,但如果术前没有膀胱输尿管反流,这一步骤就不是必须的。
第二步
- 横向切开膀胱前外侧(与需治疗的输尿管同侧)。
第三步
- 为了构建输尿管膀胱吻合术的入口,需第二次切开膀胱,形成一个小直径的开口。横向切开膀胱可形成准确的膀胱入口。
第四步
- 如果还未插入输尿管导管,这一步必须行输尿管导管插入术,这一步骤可在腹腔镜引导下进行。
- 此时可将输尿管断端处理成刮刀样。
第五步
- 膀胱适当切开后将输尿管插入膀胱。如果可以的话,输尿管在膀胱内的长度应在1.5-2cm之间。
- 用一枚膀胱内及一枚膀胱外可吸收钉将输尿管固定在膀胱上。
第六步
- 用剪刀打开膀胱粘膜。切口长度必须与膀胱内输尿管部分相同。
第七步
- 将输尿管放在粘膜开口处,刮刀面面对膀胱,并插入输尿管导管。
- 输尿管刮刀样处理是可选的,取决于输尿管的大小。
- 为了将输尿管末端固定在膀胱上,采用采用非编织的4/0可吸收线无张力缝合输尿管。
第八步
- 将膀胱粘膜缝合在输尿管的膀胱内部分上方,可形成抗反流系统。该抗反流系统是用非编织4/0可吸收缝合线连续缝合形成。
第九步
- 进行膀胱的垂直双层缝合。
第十步
- 用两枚可吸收针进行膀胱的psoic固定。避免刺入腰大肌导致股神经损伤至关重要。
- 膀胱导管可维持十天。
评论
就重建方法而言,使用了Leadbetter-Politano术来弥补输尿管的长度不足,方法是在不构建完全psoic膀胱的情况下延长膀胱的长度。
该视频(视频1)展示了机器人辅助如何在复杂的手术过程中强化腹腔镜的功能。
讨论
Liliana Mereu医生:作者能否解释Leadbetter-Politano术与腰大肌固定输尿管膀胱吻合术相比有什么优势?
Leadbetter-Politano术是构建有抗反流系统的输尿管膀胱吻合术的众多方法之一。与主流的Lich Gregoire术相比,没有证据表明其在渗漏,狭窄或反流方面有优势。其主要优点是通过垂直缝合横向切开的膀胱延长。这种方法可在不进行膀胱完全解剖的情况下弥补输尿管长度的不足。
Liliana Mereu医生:机器人辅助治疗深层浸润型子宫内膜异位症有什么优势?
深层浸润型子宫内膜异位症的治疗是一项有挑战的手术,主要是要在解剖平面缺失的情况下进行根治性手术,同时还要保持器官功能。
机器人手术的十倍放大及真实3D视觉确实有助于识别解剖结构。此外,七级的自由度及第三臂使得微创吻合术非常方便,这部分对人工腹腔镜而言是具有挑战性的。
Liliana Mereu医生:作者能否说明用Leadbetter-Politano术进行输尿管膀胱吻合术的患者的围手术期管理方法?
我们医院在18个月前就已提出术后快速康复(ERAS)原则,进行包括营养和身体活动在内的最佳术前管理,缩短住院时间。
当然,术前一周必须尿培养。服用液体碳酸氢盐后,患者于手术当天早上入院。
术后导尿管留置7天,并由护士在家拔除。
手术当天晚上可进行正常的补充喂养,具体根据术中增加的其他操作,决定患者在术后1天或2天出院。
术后六周,在门诊取出输尿管支架。
Acknowledgments
Authors thanks Mrs Burling for translation corrections.
Funding: None.
Footnote
Provenance and Peer Review: This article was commissioned by the Guest Editor (Mereu Liliana) for the series “Robotic surgery for benign and malignant gynecological diseases” published in Gynecology and Pelvic Medicine. The article has undergone external peer review.
Conflicts of Interest: Both authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://gpm.amegroups.org/article/view/10.21037/gpm-20-2/coif). The series “Robotic surgery for benign and malignant gynecological diseases” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. TH reports personal fees from Intuitive, outside the submitted work. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.
Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee(s) and with the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013). Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this video. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
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(本译文仅供学术交流,实际内容请以英文原文为准。)
Cite this article as: Hebert T, d’Arcier BF. Robotic assistance for ureteral endometriosis resection and ureteroneocystostomy by the Leadbetter-Politano technique. Gynecol Pelvic Med 2020;3:10.